Why Every Deck Shuffle Is Practically Unique

🎯 Reality Check: Solid 💪

📝 Why: The claim is basically true. There are 52! (52 factorial) possible ways to arrange a deck of 52 cards, which is about 8 x 10^67. This number is so huge that statistically, the chance of anyone ever shuffling a deck into the same order twice (even across all humans ever) is crazy small. Mathematician Dr. Jason Rosenhouse writes: “The odds of any two random shuffles being the same is so vanishingly small that, practically speaking, it will never happen.”

🔗 Source: Dr. Jason Rosenhouse, Scientific American; Persi Diaconis, Nature (on shuffling randomness); UK Maths Trust